Nowadays in order to meet the increase in power demands and to reduce the global warming, renewable energy sources based system is used. Out of the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is the main alternative. But, compared to other sources, the solar panel system converts only 30–40% of solar irradiation into electrical energy. In order to get maximum output from a PV panel system, an extensive research has been underway for long time so as to access the performance of PV system and to investigate the various issues related to the use of solar PV system effectively. This paper therefore presents different types of PV panel systems, maximum power point tracking control algorithms, power electronic converters usage with control aspects, various controllers, filters to reduce harmonic content, and usage of battery system for PV system. Attempts have been made to highlight the current and future issues involved in the development of PV system with improved performance. A list of 185 research publications on this is appended for reference.

• This paper is a comprehensive review of various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms designed to improve PV system efficiency.
• It covers common algorithms such as Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC), as well as more advanced intelligent methods like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic Control, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).
• A key drawback of the P&O method is that its operating point oscillates around the true MPP, leading to energy loss. The INC method is more accurate but also more complex to implement.
• A major challenge that MPPT algorithms must handle is the presence of multiple power peaks on the P-V curve, which occurs during partial shading conditions.